In this monthly series, we’ll explore the history of the Catholic
Church in the Pacific Northwest from pioneer beginnings to the present
day. The series will highlight important places of faith in the
Northwest, the “holy ground” where the seeds of faith have been planted
in our midst. --
Corinna Laughlin
Part 5, January 12, 2020
FATHER DE SMET GOES TO VANCOUVER
Father DeSmet photographed by Matthew Brady. From Wikimedia
Commons.
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From the time of their arrival in Vancouver at the end of 1838, Father
Blanchet and Father Demers had been on their own. They traveled
incessantly through their vast territory, settling down at most for a
few months at a time to preach, teach, and set up missions. They knew
that to establish the Church in the west would require stability—and
that meant they needed help. Blanchet appealed to Archbishop Signay of
Quebec, who agreed to send a couple of young priests, but found no way
to get them there—the Hudson’s Bay Company was not interested in
providing transportation for any more Catholic priests, for reasons both
practical and political. In the summer of 1840, word reached the
missionaries of a new Jesuit mission in the Rocky Mountains. Father
Demers immediately reached out, addressing a letter to the “Catholic
Missionaries with the Flatheads”: “Though I have not as yet the pleasure
of knowing your names, I eagerly take the opportunity which is presented
to send you news of the two poor missionaries of the Columbia… with what
joy and contentment have I learned of your arrival among the Flatheads!”
Demers’ letter landed in the hands of a Jesuit by the name of
Pierre-Jean De Smet, who would become one of the most influential
figures in the early history of the Church in the west.
De Smet, a native of Termonde in Flanders (present-day Dendermonde,
Belgium), was an impetuous young man of twenty when he heard an appeal
by Father Charles Nerinckx for priests to serve in America. Swept away
with enthusiasm, De Smet left for America without telling anyone,
because, as he later wrote, “to have asked the consent of our parents
would have been to court a certain and absolute refusal.” He entered the
Jesuits and his preparations for the priesthood were made on the
frontier, in Florissant, Missouri. He struggled with his calling, and
even left the Jesuits for a time to serve as a diocesan priest back in
Belgium. Ultimately De Smet returned to the Jesuits and to the United
States. He found his life’s work among the Native Americans. He was also
an extraordinary promoter of the missions, and crisscrossed the Atlantic
many times, collecting money and recruiting personnel to help build up
the Church in the West.
With his stocky build, DeSmet had been nicknamed “Samson” in his younger
days. He was strong, fearless, and romantic—the perfect combination for
a missionary. He was also a prolific writer, and his many books about
his experiences in the west were widely read. Unlike Blanchet and
Demers, DeSmet embraced the American way of life. He loved his adopted
country, although he was clear-eyed with regards to its failures: “Since
the discovery of America a system of extermination, of moving the
Indians, thrusting them further back, has been pursued and practiced by
the whites, little by little at first, more and more as European
settlers multiplied and gained strength. At this day this same policy is
marching with giant strides.” (Eventually, De Smet would be called upon
to intercede with Sitting Bull and was instrumental in convincing him to
sign the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868.)
Title page of Father DeSmet’s account of his travels.
From www.archive.org. |
In 1841, De Smet returned to the Rocky Mountains to establish St.
Mary’s Mission in what is now Stevensville, Montana. When Blanchet heard
that there were no fewer than three Jesuit priests stationed there,
along with three brothers, he wrote to De Smet and begged him to send
some of this abundance of Jesuits to the Willamette valley and establish
a school. De Smet agreed to come and confer with Blanchet and Demers. He
would also take advantage of the opportunity to purchase some
much-needed supplies for St. Mary’s at Fort Vancouver.
The journey down the Columbia was difficult and dangerous. At the Little
Dalles outside of Fort Colville, De Smet decided to leave the barge and
walk along the banks of the Columbia, a decision that probably saved his
life. The barge was caught in the rapids and vanished into the water:
“All were gone, and yet upon the river’s breast there was not the
faintest trace of their melancholy fate. Soon after the whirlpool threw
up, in various directions, the oars, poles, the barge capsized, and
every lighter article it had contained. Here and there I beheld the
unhappy bargemen vainly struggling in the midst of the vortex. Five of
them sunk never to rise again.” De Smet finally reached Vancouver on
June 8, 1842 and was met by a joyful Father Demers. The two proceeded to
St. Paul in Oregon, where they spent eight days with Blanchet,
discussing the future of the Church in the Pacific Northwest. De Smet
was enthusiastic about the Catholic Ladder, declaring, “That plan will
be adopted by the missions of the whole world.” Their informal council
resulted in significant decisions. Demers headed north to minister to
native peoples in New Caledonia (in present-day British Columbia).
Blanchet stayed to serve the missions near the Columbia River. And De
Smet returned to St. Louis and from there to Europe, to recruit priests,
sisters, and funds for the Church in the Pacific Northwest. They all
agreed that what the Oregon Country needed was a bishop of its own.
Though their meetings were undoubtedly conducted in French, the
encounter of the missionaries was really a meeting of two nations.
Blanchet and Demers were Canadians, who reported to the Archbishop of
Quebec. De Smet, on the other hand, was an American citizen whose
superiors were in St. Louis, Missouri. The Oregon Country, where they
all served, was disputed territory, claimed by Britain and the United
States, but American claims were beginning to dominate. Within a few
months of the missionaries’ council, the Hudson’s Bay Company would move
their headquarters to Fort Victoria, and the annexation of Oregon
Country would be a major theme in the 1844 U. S. presidential election.
These changing political realities would come into play in the
appointment of the first bishop for Oregon Country.
Corinna Laughlin, Pastoral Assistant for Liturgy
WORKS CONSULTED
· https://www.saintmarysmission.org/
· https://oregonencyclopedia.org/ · Hiram Chittenden and Alfred
Richardson, Life, Letters, and Travels of Father Pierre-Jean De
Smet, SJ (1905) · Archbishop F. N. Blanchet,
Historical Sketches of the Church in Oregon during the Past Forty Years
(1878) · Robert C. Carriker, Father Peter John De Smet:
Jesuit in the West. (1995) · Pierre-Jean DeSmet, SJ, Letters
and Sketches, with a Narrative of a Year’s Residence among the Indian
Tribes of the Rocky Mountains. Philadelphia (1843) · Pierre-Jean
DeSmet, SJ, Oregon Missions and Travels over the Rocky Mountains in
1845-46 (1847) · Wilfred P. Schoenberg, SJ, A History of the
Catholic Church in the Pacific Northwest (1987)
MAKE A VISIT
St. Paul Church, Oregon | 20217 Christie St | St Paul, OR
97137 St. Paul’s was the first Catholic church in Oregon
Country, built by French Canadian trappers in 1836, several years
before the arrival of Blanchet and Demers. It was replaced in 1846 with
the present building, the first brick church in Oregon.
St. Mary Mission, Montana | https://www.saintmarysmission.org/
St. Mary’s Mission in Stevensville, Montana, located about a mile south
of Father De Smet’s first St. Mary’s Mission, is open April 15-October
12. Several historic buildings survive, including the Chapel built and
decorated by Father Antonio Ravalli, SJ, one of the priests recruited by
De Smet on his European tour in 1843.
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